The index also noted that the rate of unemployment in egypt among young people was the highest in the arab world in 2012, reaching up to 30%1. Following rising agitations against britain, which had governed the territory as a protectorate since 1914, and increasing demands for independence, british rule over the territory was formally terminated under the terms of a joint declaration between britain and egypt in 1922. December 20 draft constitution from the perspective of. Public information in egypt transparency international. Indeed, over the past week, that tussle has brought the entire constitution drafting effort into crisis. Royal decree on the implementation of the provisions of the constitution 2011, no. Egypts 2014 presidential election law page 2 of 46 applicants will be considered official candidates once the pec has completed investigating and verifying the documents. Jan, 2014 the constitutional declaration issued on 5 july 20, the constitutional declaration issued on 8 july, and any constitutional texts or provisions stipulated in the 2012 constitution and not covered in this constitutional document shall be repealed from the date that it enters into force. Freedom, human dignity, and social justice are the rights of every citizen. Amid intense political contestation and deep rifts between islamists. If the judiciary are not independent of the legislature and executive, the law cannot be employed as a means of ensuring liberty and advancing human rights. Egypt is going through the early phases of the throes of democratization.
Egypt withdrew its reservation to article 92 in 2004. It is the meeting point of its civilizations and cultures and the this is egypt, an immortal homeland to egyptians, and a message of peace and love to. Draft dated 2 december 20 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt prepared pursuant to article 29 of the constitutional declaration dated 8 july 20 unofficial translation prepared by international idea. Egypts controversial constitutional amendments nathan j. New constitutionmaking in 20 on 8 july 20, the interim president issued a 33article constitutional declaration cd providing a roadmap foramendingthe 2012 constitution. That document laid the political and cultural groundwork for modern egypt, declaring it an. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december 2012, after it was approved by the constituent assembly on 30 november 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 december 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%. Egypt has a long experience of developing and implementing health system reforms and engaging with development partners. December 1, 20, is meant to replace egypt s 2012 constitution, which was written by an islamist majority and approved by a december 2012 referendum with 63 percent of the vote. The media council act, 20 an act of parliament to give effect to article 34 5 of the constitution. With a popular referendum on egypts draft constitution expected in january, the final. The declaration includes thirtythree articles, and sets forth the system of the state during the transitional period and a timeline for amending the 2012 constitution and conducting elections.
The military o appointing the defense minister o the military budget o. The selection process of a nagayan comics pdf download new president of the republic shall start sixty days before the. February 2011 september 20 page 2 of 40 including the timetable of electoral events provided for in the constitutional declaration issued on july 8, 20. Finally, section 7 draws conclusions from the recent events in egypts transition and discusses the. Seven upholding national unity is an obligation of state and society, for it is the cornerstone of building a modern egypt and the path to progress and development. Comparing the 1971, 2012, and 20 egyptian constitutions. Egypts new constitution 2014 strongly addresses health as a fundamental human right and. Draft constitution, january 2014 article 19 free word centre, 60 farringdon rd, london ec1r 3ga. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt the egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. The comparative constitutions project has developed a new tool that allows one to compare the 1971, 2012, and 20 egyptian constitutions. English translation of egypts 20 draft constitution atlantic council. The 1919 revolution that had rid egypt and the egyptians of the british protection, established the principle of citizenship and equality for all the people. Proposed amendments to the constitution, october 20 article 19 free word centre, 60 farringdon rd, london ec1r 3ga. The constitutional history of modern egypt can be traced back to the egyptian revolution of 1919.
According to article 28 of the cd, a 10member legal 4 see for example egypt independents article,egyptian churches withdrew from constituent assembly,17. Egyptian works that are currently in the public domain in the united states are those whose had expired in egypt on the u. The first and most liberal of these was the 1923 constitution, which was promulgated just after britain declared egypts independence. Its leader, saad zaghloul, and his successor, mosfata elnahhas, in adopting democracy asserted that right is above power and the nation is above government. Aug 03, 20 judicial independence and egypts new constitution transitional justice and judicial independence montesquieu. Perspectives on egypts 2014 constitution in custodia legis. Nehal elsherifflickr since its approval on december 1, 20 by the 50member commission, the revised egyptian draft constitution has been dissected and analyzed from practically every angle. December 1, 20, is meant to replace egypts 2012 constitution, which was written by an islamist majority and approved by a december 2012 referendum with 63 percent of the vote. Over the past five years, a number of infamous incidents of sexual violence against women that occurred in cairo, egypt, have led to the enhancement of punishments related to the crimes of sexual harassment, rapeand sexual assault. We have assigned the topics from the constitute site to.
Perspectives on egypts 2014 constitution february 19, 2014 by kelly buchanan the following is a guest post by george sadek, senior legal research analyst at the law library of congress. The new constitution indicates that treaties to which egypt is a. The arab republic of egypt draft constitution 20 new. The egyptian people are part of the arab nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive unity. The new draft constitution has removed language and articles favored by the islamists. Constitution of egypt of 2012 wikisource, the free online. We are drafting a constitution that maintains our freedom and. Draft constitution the version of december 20 refworld. Jan 03, 20 one measure of how complicated egyptian politics has become is that hardly anyone was surprised by the outcome of the constitutional referendum in late december. Right after the revolution in 2011, which ended thirty years of repression and dictatorship under the regime of expresident hosni mubarak, egyptians found themselves with the serious challenge of electing a new president and building a new egypt. It is still not clear whether that bargaining can still lead to a consensual document or whether the. Constitution the 2014 constitution includes more than 20 articles addressing the rights of women so as to ensure equal opportunities and prevent discrimination, protection against all forms of violence. One measure of how complicated egyptian politics has become is that hardly anyone was surprised by the outcome of the constitutional referendum in late december. The arab republic of egypt is a democratic state based on citizenship.
Sissi said that the countrys new constitution ratified under morsi would be suspended and that the chief of egypts constitutional court will assume the presidency on. The egyptian judiciary shall carry out its mission in defending the constitution, upholding justice and protecting rights and freedoms. Legislation online in arabic dostour, egypt pdf in arabic doc. Egyptian military ousts morsi, suspends constitution the. Constitution of egypt of 2012 wikisource, the free. This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and the gift of egyptians to humanity. Achieve nutritional target in line with the global ncd action plan 202025 and nutrition decade of action. Two women search for their names at a polling station in almahalla, egypt, may 23, 2012. Feb 23, 2020 egypts pioneering intellectual and cultural leadership is an embodiment of its soft power, and a model of the free generosity of original creators and thinkers, universities, science centers, linguistic and research centers, the press, the arts, literature and mass media, the national church, and alazhar with its history as a mainstay of. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 january 2014.
This document has been recompiled and reformatted using texts collected in international ideas constitutionnet. The egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of. To that end, the values of tolerance and moderation. Brown, november 19, 2012 the bargaining among egypts political forces over the content of the countrys constitution has been noisy. This act may be cited as the media council act, 20.
Egypts new constitution 2014 strongly addresses health as a fundamental human right and declares commitment to covering the whole population with quality health services. Dec 19, 20 two women search for their names at a polling station in almahalla, egypt, may 23, 2012. Normes consulted on 20121203 legislation online in english egypt independent, almasry alyoum daily, egypt pdf in english doc. This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and the. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt. Congressional research service 1 historical background since 1952, when a cabal of egyptian army officers, known as the free officers movement, ousted the britishbacked king, egypts military has produced four presidents. This is our constitution egypt is the gift of the nile and the gift of egyptians to humanity. Perspectives on egypts 2014 constitution in custodia. The constitutional declaration issued on 5 july 20, the constitutional declaration issued on 8 july, and any constitutional texts or provisions stipulated in the 2012 constitution and not covered in this constitutional document shall be repealed from the date that it enters into force. Amid the largest antigovernment protests since the 2011 revolution, and following defections from his own cabinet and supporters, president mohamed morsi orchestrated a 64 percent approval. Constitution arabic the arabic version of the egyptian constitution, including amendments made in 2005. Amid the largest antigovernment protests since the 2011 revolution, and following defections from his own cabinet and supporters, president mohamed morsi orchestrated a 64 percent approval vote for a new constitution. Islam is the religion of the state, arabic is its official language and the principles of islamic sharia are the main source of legislation. Egypts pioneering intellectual and cultural leadership is an embodiment of its soft power, and a model of the free generosity of original creators and thinkers, universities, science centers, linguistic and research centers, the press, the arts, literature and mass media, the national church, and alazhar with its history as a mainstay of.
The electoral framework in egypts continuing transition. Egypts government services portal laws and constitution. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of the whole world. The bargaining among egypts political forces over the content of the countrys constitution has been noisy, public, stormy, and dramatic. This briefing paper analyzes the new law on presidential elections. Brown and michele dunne egyptians will head to the polls on march 26 in a public referendum on amendments to thirty four articles of the constitution, approved by the peoples assembly on march 19. The following is a guest post by george sadek, senior legal research analyst at the law library of congress last month, a new egyptian constitution was approved in a popular referendum held on january 1415. Following rising agitations against britain, which had governed the territory as a protectorate since 1914, and increasing demands for. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former fundamental law of egypt. Egypt has operated under several constitutions, both as a monarchy and, after 1952, as a republic.
The head of the supreme national electoral commission, chief justice nabil saleeb, announced the results of the referendum on january 18 and stated that the voter. We are drafting a constitution that holds all of us equal in rights and duties without discrimination of any kind. Gamal abdel nasser 19541970, anwar sadat 19701981, hosni mubarak 19812011, and abdel fattah al sisi 20present. Constitution of egypt constitution, egypt britannica. We and our future generations are masters in a sovereign homeland that is master of its destiny. Law on the the preference of the egyptian products in government contracts law no. The arab republic of egypt is a socialist democratic state based on the alliance of the working forces of the people. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt after the. If a student of constitutional texts reads the egyptian constitution of 2012 from beginning to end, he or she will find much of it familiar a great deal of the language, structure, and institutions are common to constitutions in many countries around the world. The constitution should not establish a state religion or privilege one religious legal system, such as sharia, over any other, and remove any references to any specific. Egypts progress towards universal health coverage uhc has been spurred recently through the.
The undp report in 20 stressed that propoor policies and investment in human capacity, by focusing on education, nutrition, health. Brown, michele dunne, and amr hamzawy march 23, 2007 a textual analysis nathan j. Egypts 2012 constitution united states institute of peace. We are now drafting a constitution that embodies the dream of generations for a prosperous consolidated. In egypts new constitution, are women equal citizens. The egyptian people, is the sole source of authority. An arabic version of the 20 draft constitution can be found here.
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